Savanna animals have developed unique adaptations to handle intense heat. Many, like lions and elephants, are active during cooler hours—early morning or evening—and rest in the shade during the hottest part of the day. Some, such as antelope, have light-colored coats that reflect sunlight, while others, like giraffes, have specialized circulation systems to help cool their bodies.

Herbivores in the savanna rely on group living for protection. By moving in herds, they reduce the likelihood of individual attacks, as it’s harder for predators to single out one animal. Some, like zebras, have developed patterns that create visual confusion for predators, while others use their speed and agility to escape.

Lions are considered apex predators because they are at the top of the food chain, meaning they have no natural predators. Their role is crucial in controlling the populations of herbivores, which helps maintain the balance of the savanna ecosystem by preventing overgrazing.

Elephants are known as "ecosystem engineers" because their actions significantly alter the savanna. They break trees and shrubs, which maintains open grasslands that other animals depend on. Additionally, they dig for water during dry seasons, creating water holes that benefit many species.

During the dry season, many animals migrate long distances to find water sources. Some, like elephants, can detect underground water and will dig with their trunks to access it. Other species follow seasonal rain patterns, moving to areas where temporary rivers and watering holes form.